1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City

1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City In 1968, Mexico City became the first Latin American city to host the Olympic games, having beaten out Detroit and Lyon for the honor. The XIX Olympiad was a memorable one, with several long-standing records set and the strong presence of international politics. The games were marred by a horrible massacre in Mexico City just days before they were due to kick off. The games lasted from October 12 to October 27. Background Being selected to host the Olympics was a really big deal for Mexico. The nation had come a long way since the 1920s when it still lay in ruins from the long, ruinous Mexican Revolution. Mexico had since rebuilt and was turning into an important economic powerhouse, as oil and manufacturing industries boomed. It was a nation that had not been on the world stage since the rule of dictator Porfirio Dà ­az (1876-1911) and it was desperate for some international respect, a fact which would have disastrous consequences. The Tlatelolco Massacre For months, tensions had been building in Mexico City. Students had been protesting the repressive administration of President Gustavo Dà ­az Ordaz, and they hoped the Olympics would bring attention to their cause. The government responded by sending troops to occupy the university and instituted a crackdown. When a large protest was held on October 2 in Tlatelolco in the Three Cultures Square, the government responded by sending troops. The result was the Tlatelolco Massacre, in which an estimated 200-300 civilians were slaughtered. The  Olympic Games After such an inauspicious beginning, the games themselves went relatively smoothly. Hurdler Norma Enriqueta Basilio, one of the stars of the Mexican team, became the first woman to light the Olympic torch. This was a sign from Mexico that it was trying to leave aspects of its ugly past – in this case, machismo – behind it. In all 5,516 athletes from 122 nations competed in 172 events. The Black Power Salute American politics entered the Olympics after the 200m race. African-Americans Tommie Smith and John Carlos, who had won gold and bronze respectively, gave the fist-in-the-air black power salute as they stood on the winners’ podium. The gesture was intended to draw attention to the civil rights struggle in the United States: they also wore black socks, and Smith wore a black scarf. The third person on the podium was Australian silver medalist Peter Norman, who supported their action. VÄ›ra ÄÅ'slavsk The most compelling human interest story at the Olympics was Czechoslovakian gymnast VÄ›ra ÄÅ'slavsk. She strongly disagreed with the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, less than one month before the Olympics. As a high-profile dissident, she had to spend two weeks in hiding before finally being allowed to attend. She tied for gold in floor and won silver in beam on controversial decisions by the judges. Most spectators felt she should have won. In both cases, Soviet gymnasts were the beneficiaries of the dubious scores: ÄÅ'slavsk protested by looking down and away when the Soviet anthem was played. Bad Altitude Many felt that Mexico City, at 2240 meters (7,300 feet) of altitude was an inappropriate venue for the Olympics. The altitude did affect many events: the thin air was good for sprinters and jumpers, but bad for long-distance runners. Some feel that certain records, such as Bob Beamon’s famous long jump, should have an asterisk or disclaimer because they were set at such a high altitude. Results of the Olympics The United States won the most medals, 107 to the Soviet Union’s 91. Hungary came in third, with 32. Host Mexico won three each of gold, silver and bronze medals, with the golds coming in boxing and swimming. It is a testament to home-field advantage in the games: Mexico won only one medal in Tokyo in 1964 and one in Munich in 1972. More Highlights of the 1968 Olympic Games Bob Beamon of the United States set a new world record with a long jump of 29 feet, 2 and one-half inches (8.90M). He shattered the old record by almost 22 inches. Before his jump, no one had ever jumped 28 feet, let alone 29. Beamon’s world record stood until 1991; it is still the Olympic record. After the distance was announced, an emotional Beamon collapsed to his knees: his teammates and competitors had to help him to his feet. American high jumper Dick Fosbury pioneered a funny-looking new technique in which he went over the bar head first and backward. People laughed...until Fosbury won the gold medal, setting an Olympic record in the process. The â€Å"Fosbury Flop† has since become the preferred technique in the event. American discus thrower Al Oerter won his fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal, becoming the first ever to do so in an individual event. Carl Lewis matched the feat with four golds in the long jump from 1984 to 1996.

Anti-trust Law Case Study

Anti-trust Law Case Study Landmark: Antitrust Case Study Question 1: Write a 100- word abstract of the case, including the date of the case The essay gives a brief analysis and review of a case in which the government of the United States led to the U.S. Supreme Court. This is the defense of the claim appeal 384 U.S. competition 270 presented by the U.S. government against VON Grocery Co. (Von) in 1966 in the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of California No. 303. Duration was March 22, 1966 and the delivery of a verdict was the May 31, 1966. It was in favor of the defendant. This just reminded demand, government regulators were ignoring situations that occur within its jurisdiction. It was despite his knowledge of the changing developments in market structures that controlled processes. Government regulators failed to switch to a relaxed mood compared to previous legislative procedures necessary reacted to the threats and opportunities of his time. As a result, this led to the p revention of unfair trade practices or disposal of similar economic activities of small-scale business. Key words: VON’S GROCERY CO, 384 U.S. 270, Shopping Bag Food Stores and 7 of the Clayton Act. Question 2: Describe the provision of the US Antirust Law invoked to judge the presence of anti-competitive behavior or potential of for moving the industry in that direction. The 1960 merger of Von Grocery Company with competitor Shopping Bag Food Stores (Shopping Bag) whose locations are in Los Angeles, California violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act (n. P Thomson Reuter). Its amendment in 1950 regulates the reasonable termination through the prohibition of mergers and acquisitions, which decreased competition. Even after a new amendment in 1980, remains the main reference point for antitrust law mergers that threatened the United States (Fox CR4, CR8 and HHI, specially in cases of mergers. The claim of the United States had other modifications as support for their arguments. They were the 1950 amendment to Section 7 of the Celler-Kefauver and Congress sought to preserve competition for small businesses. Was also intended to help companies focus. The court was the agent that was against large companies that use concentrations in markets with increasing centralization of business. He succeeded in divesting after United States v. Philadelphia National. . Bank, 374 U.S. 321 Celler-Kefauver 362 Anti-Merger Act 1950 as amended provides relevant information: â€Å"That no company engaged in commerce †¦ shall acquire all or part of the assets of another company also engaged in commerce, where in any line of commerce in any part of the country, the effect of such acquisition may be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly. â€Å" Question 4: Describe the â€Å"conduct† in question that has been considered â€Å"anticompetitive:†Determine if the defendant had used an anticompetitive Price Strategy and explain how. Likewise, describe any Non-price Strategies the defendant had used and describe how.

Micky McDivet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Micky McDivet - Assignment Example and where the decision under consideration is that of the ALJ, two standards of review are commonly considered, namely: substantial evidence, and; de novo. A substantial evidence standard of review was defined in Richardson v Perales. 402 US 389, 401 (1971) as â€Å"such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a decision.† A reviewing court must set aside the decision of the trial court if it finds that the evidence used in supporting the decision lacks substance taking into account the evidence in the case’s record that opposed such findings (Universal Camera Corp v NLRB 340 US 474, 488 [1951]). In deciding whether evidence is substantial or not, the US Supreme Court in the Richardson case reminds appellate courts that is â€Å"more than a mere scintilla.† Five decided cases that made use of this standard are the following: A de novo standard of review is one where a â€Å"reviewing court makes an original appraisal of all the evidence to decide whether or not it believes [the conclusions of the trial court]† (Bose Corporation v Consumers Union of the US, Inc. 466 US 485, 514 [1984]). A de novo standard of review applies when there is an error of law (Kober v Apfel, 133 F.Supp.2d 868 [2001] or a mixed error of law and facts (Johnson v Employment Security, 112 Wn.2d 172 [1989]). This standard of review was used in the following cases: Any decision to elevate Mickey McDivet case must take into account the two standards of review, which the federal district courts commonly use in reviewing a case. The issues that an appealing party cites as basis for the appeal usually determine the standard that the court will use. An assignment of error of law, for example, will subject it to a de novo standard review and an assignment of error of fact on the part of the ALJ will subject it to a substantial evidence standard of review. An assignment of both types will create subject it to both

Do Oil Prices Influence Non-Oil Sector Stocks in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Do Oil Prices Influence Non-Oil Sector Stocks in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example The research will also investigate the role of the country’s oil dependence on the stock market in Saudi Arabia too as it has been previously confirmed by research. Besides, the research is also going to confirm whether the dependence of the Saudi Arabian economy on oil is much higher than in the US, as it has been established before that contrary to the finding of this report for US, a higher correlation is always expected between oil prices and stocks in Saudi Arabia. This report includes 8 main sections including the Introduction, Literature review, Research methodology, Findings and Conclusions. The introduction provides a background and context for the research done, as well as describing the scope and objectives of the report, the achievements of previous studies and an overview of the entire research briefly explaining the contents in other sections. In the Literature review the existing studies in this field are discussed. The research methodology and findings section describe the method of data collection, as well as a detailed analysis of the results and how they were obtained. The Conclusion summarises the issues discussed in the research, as well as the achievements. This paper also discusses the statistical data collected and evaluates the research compared to existing work and set the direction for future work in this field. I. Introduction Oil is one of the most important economic resources in world’s economy today. The context of oil has been found to be more important in the Saudi Arabian economy as it is has one of the biggest reserves of oil (one-fifth of world’s total) and is the second largest producer (behind Russia) of oil in the world. The government of Saudi Arabia has been encouraging private sector participation and growth in an effort to reduce the kingdom's over-dependence on oil, while increasing opportunities for employment within the citizenry. This research will aim to investigate whether high oil prices, hi gh volatility in oil prices, and oil price shocks lead to reduced economic activity and lower stock returns in Saudi Arabia as it has been confirmed previously. There is a limited amount of existing research on the influence of oil prices on non-oil sector stocks in Saudi Arabia. The available research does not indicate whether oil prices indeed influences the stock prices or not. From enterprises’ point of view, as a large part of Saudi Arabian economy is controlled by exports, especially oil exports, the effect on oil price will be investigated to determine whether it makes an indirect impact on businesses in Saudi Arabia. Many leading economists and several theories in economics point to the impact of oil price changes in world economies have studied fluctuations and shocks in oil prices intensively. The context of oil is even more important in the Saudi Arabian economy as it is has one of the biggest reserves of oil (one-fifth of world’s total) and is the second la rgest producer (behind Russia) of oil in the world. Saudi Arabia has proven oil reserves of 264.52 billion barrels of oil (OPEC, 2011) and was only recently surpassed by Venezuela who claimed their oil reserves had risen to 269.5 billion barrels of oil. In terms of oil production, Saudi Arabia has a quota allocation of just over 30% of production among Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries. The Saudi Arabian oil production in 2010 was 9.1 million barrels per day, which accounted for

Disease vs. Humans: The Evolutionary Race :: Journalistic Essays

Disease vs. Humans: The Evolutionary Race Dramatic changes in living conditions and population structure are usually associated with the changes caused by the Industrial Revolution. Massive migration to cities and the development of urban centers which followed increased the likelihood of disease spread and evolution, and has also increased disease persistence. Diseases use cities (places where hundreds, thousands and millions of people are in very close quarters with each other) as a super highway; cities provide the perfect infrastructure for disease travel. As they travel and harm, diseases are in a constant race with their hosts towards evolutionary perfection. As their hosts evolve to kill the microbes, the microbes evolve to either keep the host alive for longer, or travel more quickly between hosts. One way that disease has utilized the growth of cities in order to evolve and thus travel better is its transformation from an exclusive disease for animals to an exclusive disease for humans. For example, typhus was originally transmitted between rats by fleas until typhus microbes realized that human body lice was a much more efficient method of traveling, now that humans are no longer host to lice typhus has changed to infect eastern North American flying squirrels and then transferring to people who live in close proximity to the squirrels (Diamond 209). Diseases are, in short, constantly changing in order to propagate more efficiently and more quickly. Our intimacy with animals has provided a quick and easy method of disease transformation and therefore better propagation. Pathogens that were formerly secluded to animals evolve to the point where they are directly transmitted between people. When these people are parts of large communities (a contingency that diseases thrive on) epidemics result, especially if the sanitation is as bad as in the first cities. In fact, up until the 20th century, Europe’s urban population was not self sustaining, so many died of crowd diseases that they had to be constantly replaced by rural immigrants (Diamond 205). Many of our epidemics could not have existed without the cities and the easy transportation they allow. Diseases, like all organisms, are constantly evolving in order to pass on the most genes. The best strategy for doing so is to replicate rapidly. If more rapid replication of a microbe inside a person leads to greater passing on of the genes that code for that rapid replication, then replication rate will increase even if it causes the person to be severely ill or leads to an overall decrease of the number of people it can effect, or even if it hastens the eventual extinction of the microbe (Ewald).

A Reflection Paper of Mumbaki film Essay

The film Mumbaki is about the conflict of modern and folk beliefs being faced by an Igorot named Joseph (played by Reymart Santiago). He was given the opportunity to study Medicine in Manila. The problem here is caused by the different socialization or culture that occurs in the Philippines. There came the time that the lead character has to choose between his dream to work in other country together with his girlfriend, Nancy (played by Rachel Alejandro), or fulfill his duties as a member of his tribe. It is clearly seen in the film, the opposite socialization that occurs in the Philippines. The simplest manifestation of this is the type of clothing worn by characters in the film: the city has grown to wear jeans, polo, t-shirt, etc. while in the mountains, they wear the traditional â€Å"bahag† or barely bold. Also the difference between the alcohol from the city and the once that came from the mountain is shown in the film. Furthermore, the use of modern and indigenous methods of treatment is also shown in the film. The methods of treatment studied in the city are using antibiotics to stop the spread of epidemic illness in the Igorots while the indigenous method is praying to their gods/baki or to their so called ‘mumbaki’. The last is, what is ought to be followed by the main character: the vengeance for his tribe or to use his knowledge in medicine. I agree on the decision that the main character applied to his problem. As one of the member of his tribe, he chose to fulfill his responsibilities to his tribe to take revenge to the opposing tribe yet he made it to sustain his profession by putting up a health center up the mountain to support the medical needs of the tribal people. Joining two different cultures is a big deal and it is hard for them to do that, yet the group still managed to help each other to resolve their problem and create a new different culture out of it†¦.

Evolution Of The Brazilian Attitude Towards Homosexuality...

O Jeitinho Brasileiro: The Evolution of the Brazilian Attitude Towards Homosexuality In the latter half of the twentieth century, the United States witnessed a struggle for gay and sexual liberation that bore the brunt of government persecution, an AIDs epidemic, and overt resistance from the religious right. Brazil dealt with many similar issues, from anti-gay policing and bar raids targeting queer individuals to an AIDs crisis devastating the country to the conservative right gaining more sway. However, these were complicated by historical troubles. Political upheaval brought on by an ideological schism between communism and democracy made it tougher for gay recognition to become an eminent concern. Yet, even with the exacerbated political problems the country faced, it was clear from interviewing my grandmother, Mary, and my mother, Simone, that Brazil followed a path reminiscent to that of the United States: silence surrounding and unawareness of homosexuality turned into widespread fear, that would later progressively shift towards acceptance. During the 1950’s and 1960’s, the United States’ oversaw the persecution of gays and lesbians politically, professionally, and socially. During the Lavender Scare, McCarthy â€Å"fabricated connections between homosexuality and communism,† deeming homosexuality a security risk that required the government’s attention and prevention (Johnson 31). His rhetoric led to a crackdown on homosexuals in government, particularly in theShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagescharacteristics, values, beliefs and behaviours. Cross Cultural Awareness develops from cross cultural knowledge as the learner understands and appreciates a culture internally. This may also be accompanied by changes within the learners behaviour and attitudes such as a greater flexibility and openness. Cross Cultural Sensitivity is a natural by-product of awareness and refers to an ability to read into situations, contexts and behaviours that are culturally rooted and be able to react to them appropriatelyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesThe New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., AgriculturalRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageswho is a scientist, explains that the apple fell because the force of gravity pulling down on the apple caused tension in the apple stem and eventually broke it once the stem had dried out and got brittle; gravity then was able to pull the apple toward the center of the Earth until the resistance of the ground stopped the fall. His explanation is not an argument that the apple fell. It is taken for granted that the apple fell; whats in doubt is why this occurred. When Edward appeals to the existence