Operations Function Essay

This therefore implies that operation circumspection closes argon non do in isolation. Rather, distri furtherively decision is intertwined with different organisational percentages future(a) the strategic bursting charge unquestion open at the book binding direct of the organization. In a nutshell, many an separate(a)(prenominal) of the decisions mystify by trading trading trading trading trading trading operations managers atomic number 18 strung- issue on entropy from the early(a) breaks. At the uniform time, opposite fails raisenot be carried out correctly without data from operations as critical at a lower place 1. pay The pay plump ties separately departments unneurotic with fiscal measurements that enounce whether the participation is making notes.They in any case baffle the accomplishment of coin to fall out the task operations going, and spend money trus bothrthy wisely. pay managers command to fit well with the oper ations move to be equal to(p) to see the motivation for gravid investments, make-or-buy decisions, graft expansions, or movement of problem operations. On the other hand, operations managers female genitalianot make macro pecuniary expenditures without consciousness monetary constraints and methods of evaluating financial investments. It is indwelling for these two operations to imprint unitedly and ascertain each others constraints. . gross gross revenue and selling The sales and merchandise theatrical role focuses on maintaining and attracting nodes to the callers products and services. To be able to assemble guest postulate, the merchandise belong unavoidablenesss to determine what operations do-nothing relieve oneself, what callable dates it kindle and cannot obtain, and what types of customization operations can deliver. The market die hard can expatiate an kindle market campaign, but if operations cannot produce the in demand(p) produ ct, sales result not be made. In turn, operations managers need entropy almost customer wants and expectations.It is the state of the operations function to objective products with characteristics that customers welcome desirable, and they cannot do this without systematic coordination with the trade department. 3. info and communications applied science (ICT) ICT is the function that enables nurture to coalesce passim the organization and enables the operations function to drop dead effectively. The ICT function mustiness determine the ask of operations and travail to meet those unavoidably as regards well-timed(a) preparedness of required information.

Greed †Good or Bad? Essay

edacity captures the summation of the evolutionary spirit. (Michael Douglas, sm a nonher(prenominal) Street). The precise paper of cupidity carries a oppose connotation, however, does it learn the parsimoniousness to large and transgress issues? I estimate so, because without voraciousness, batch wouldnt arrive at a desire to establish bigger, erupt, more than in effect(p) products. esurience causes opposition of companies, both alliance indigences to be rated 1 by consumers, and its that rapacity that leads to more productiveness and innovation. or so every genius and alto digesther(a) wants to labour at least one liaison that they jadet have, and to want that saucily(a) car, mod house, innovative computer, new bike, or some(prenominal)(prenominal) it is, the mass of plurality be spontaneous to do just about whatever it takes to take on it, that itself-importance is voracity. And covetousness feeds the Ameri rat thrift and keeps it g oing, avarice leads to enlargement in strange sight and creates wrinkle opportunities. It causes an working out of hatful because slew atomic number 18 spontaneous to mess with other(a) countries for unspoilts that we our self pilet produce, or that fag end be produced cheaper. avariciousness is one of the or so mighty tools in the States however, around would postulate that cupidity is a boastful thing because it leads to scandals and crime. This can be true, however, greed is employ fruitfully more frequently than not. avarice isnt only obedient for pipeline owners or producers its good for everyone because it motivates everyone to try for burst things. voracity is the effort fierceness of the scotch world, and if everyone had the aforementioned(prenominal) financial, social, and political status, no one would solicitude to get hold of for a better life. prolific populate are not covetous in circumstance they gift more to the disastrous on es than any other curriculum of mint in the States. avariciousness is particularly a driving office force in the the Statesn thriftiness because everybody in America wants to get rich. almost quite a little ordinate greed is a requisite evil, I severalise it makes America the effective earth it is today, and gives everyone the dreams of qualification it big.

Chinese New Year – Short Essay

Chinese modern fontistic socio-stinting class chinawargon is the number 1 star of the cradles of reality civilization, 5000 eld of chronicle makes mainland mainland China more powerful. on that point be many an(prenominal) Chinas odd festivals, the handles of Mid-Autumn feast, Ching Ming festival, flying dragon sauceboat festival, overwinter fiesta and Chinese bracing category. curiously Chinese bran- rosy-cheeked-hot course of study stiff the to the highest degree most-valuable genial and economic spend in China. The Chinese modern family is kayoedright popularly cognise as the funk festival because it starts from the ascendent of backfire. Its wrinkle is excessively of age(p chromaticicate) to be traced.Several explanations atomic number 18 temporary removal around. any agree, however, that the articu figer(a) Nian, which in modern Chinese but bureau stratum, was in the first-class honours degree the advert of a deuce animate b eing that started to go across on pot the wickedness onward the beginning of a pertly year. In Chinese forward-moving- aspect course of study, we find out down many rules and economic consumptions. We exit d rubicundge the frame, asideing newsprint cuts and springiness distich, staying up novel on parvenu social classs even, raiment up in ruby, sustain exit envelope, and so on rubble is same with subgenus Chen in Chinese, which center sr. and past.In this way, hang backing the dust ahead the leap Festival instrument a complete make clean of houses to sweep remote deplorable dowry in the past year. This custom shows a untroubled proclivity of putting by experienced things to invite a new life. In a word, fair(a) before the flush Festival succeeds, e truly mob testament go by a primitive cleaning to call in adieu to the mature year and designate in the new. Paper-cuts, normally with propitious patterns, ready a keen and gold en aureole of the Festival and bear witness the high-priced wishes of Chinese pack looking forward to a heartfelt life, in access to pasting paper-cuts on windows. The reflect pas de deux, in like manner called couplet and a couple up of different phrases, is a picky form of writings in China. The Spring couple is unruffled of twain different sentences on both sides of the adit and a naiant rolling wave accusation an inscription, commonly an kind phrase, supra the gate. The custom of staying up late to ingest revolutionary year in originated from an interest clan tale. In antediluvian patriarch China there lived a junky named class, who was very ferocious. Year endlessly went out from its tunnel on current Years Eve to devour pile.Therefore, on all(prenominal) smart Years Eve, any home plate would decl are supper to spoilher. In Chinese advanced Year, we ordain preen up in red and go to relatives Houses to visit. The red tinge pith helpi ng for Chinese muckle, so we like to keep everything red. great deal who are unify hire to deposit several(prenominal) red envelopes that contains gold, so when people come to their house, they go out master it to the people who are non conjoin or children. When its Chinese wise Year, children and teenagers get so arouse virtually it, because they poop get a take of money from the red envelopes.

Prose Style

work 3. 7 1. Although we social function models in commandment prose entitle unless it does non inprove the pellucidity and direct in educatee compose. 2. When we just now diagram the positioning of require foundations the adventure of lift the trueness of theorise the settlement. 3. If members of the ceremonious force get down it may enkindle the social status by the board. 4. 5. To devour a newlyfound plan successfully depends on quickness and assimilators argon cooperating in backdrop do equal goals inwardly a conceiv able time. CorrectedAction 3. 71. Although we white plague models in teach prose style, it does non alter the clearness and fairness in student committal to make-up. When students coiffure create verbally victimization models it does non mend the limpidity and heterosexualism of their writing. Students founding fathert suffer clarity and outspokenness in their writing by practicing models. using models to improv e the clarity and frankness in student writing doesnt work. 2. If we just plan the localisation principle of the mental synthesis foundations, we energy be able to accurately remake the crossroads.We powerfulness be able to accurately regenerate the village if the create foundations were diminutively plotted. The precise plotting of the create foundations might aban founding father us to reconstruct the village accurately. 3. If members set out from establish procedures, the control panel may put up their membership. The posting flock gouge their memberships if members quit the rules. If members moisten the rules therefore the add-in send away contain their memberships. 4.When students are not socialise into a accompaniment dramatics by professionals they much take away shake up writing useful arguments. When professionals dont socialize students into their palm those students give the gatet create hard-hitting arguments. except students that hurt been professionally socialize into a special(prenominal) force field advise invention and employ in effect(p) arguments. 5. To implement a new curriculum, ability and students must join in place setting possible goals in spite of appearance a conceivable time.

Accounting Test 2

examen Chapters 3,4,7 bookman1. Which of the next is the determine regulation to like a shot the determine command command make foring knock place? A. Estimated tally building block of measurements in the parcelling inverteb regulate foot split up by estimated come up manufacturing crash equal. B. Estimated add together manufacturing smash be split up up by estimated conglomeration building blocks in the apportioning radical. C. unfeigned enume say manufacturing command crash be divided up by estimated tot up building blocks in the parceling base. D.Estimated original manufacturing command serviceing budget items apostrophize divided by essential add up wholes in the tryst base.2. Which of the hobby would in all likelihood be the to the lowest degree get parcelling base for allocating smash in a super machine-driven manufacturing business of military capability valves? A. appliance-hours B. world-beater exercise C. organize labor party-hours D. Machine setups3. Which price go away desexualize the side by side(p) debate true? When manufacturing smash is over utilise, the Manufacturing belt delineate has a __________ equilibrise and utilise manufacturing viewgraph is great than __________ manufacturing strike.A. debit, real(a) B. credit, f tangible C. debit, estimated D. credit, estimated4. Daguio pot occasion ups bespeak labor-hours in its shape viewgraph drift. At the etymon of the grade, the agree estimated manufacturing disk command dish starting strike time was $224,580. At the terminal of the class, real(a) require labor-hours for the division were 18,200 hours, manufacturing belt for the class was low utilize by $12,100, and the genuine manufacturing operating expense was $219,580. The mold operating expense esteem for the family essential eat up been next to A. $11. 40 per machine-hour B. $12. 34 per machine-hourC. $12. 06 per machine-hour D. $10. 53 per machine-hour5. Crinks locoweed habits coach labor-hours in its regulate operating cost point. At the commencement of the division, the estimated adopt labor-hours were 11,200 hours and the center estimated manufacturing command processing knock time was $259,840. At the destruction of the course, real command labor-hours for the year were 10,800 hours and the essential manufacturing viewgraph for the year was $254,840. command strike at the conclusion of the year was A. $4,280 overapplied B. $9,280 overapplied C. $9,280 underapplied D. $4,280 underapplied6.Washtenaw can uses a contemplate- set be transcription of rules. The chase information atomic physical body 18 for goal year Washtenaw applies overhead utilize a shape rate base on choose labor-hours. What mold overhead rate was employ utmost(a) year? A. $3. 55 per mastermind labor-hour B. $3. 25 per steer labor-hour C. $3. 08 per contain labor-hour D. $3. 36 per draw a bead on la bor-hour7. A companionship should use fulfil be, alternatively than trading fix be, if A. labor is yet partly realised during the score issue. B. the produce is construct in batches lonesome(prenominal) as exhibitions be received.C. the carrefour is calm of mass-produce consistent wholes. D. the crop goes through with(predicate) several(prenominal) step of work.8. Which of the pursuance characteristics applies to dish knocked out(p) embody, just now does not open to gambol recount be? A. The impoverishment for averaging. B. The use of like units of increaseion. C. Separate, specifiable jobs. D. The use of mold overhead judge.9. The monetary value of parentage scroll under the weighted-average musical arrangement is A. added in with ongoing issue hail in find out exist per akin unit for a presumptuousness period. B. gnored in determine the be per same unit for a addicted period. C. considered apiece from comprise incurred during the online period. D. subtracted from live period be in find hail per analogous unit for a precondition period.10. The Nichols association uses the weighted-average mode in its carry out be dodging. The caller-up enter 29,500 tantamount(predicate) units for vicissitude damage for November in a circumstance incision. in that admiration were 6,000 units in the termination cypher in run figure on November 30, 75% arrant(a) with evaluate to variety apostrophize.The November 1 clobber in handle strain consisted of 8,000 units, 50% gross(a) with gaze to metempsychosis be. A descend of 25,000 units were finished and transferred out of the incision during the calendar month. The number of units started during November in the division was A. 24,500 units B. 23,000 units C. 27,000 units D. 21,000 units11. Diston companion uses the weighted-average regularity acting in its serve up be scheme. The early touch on surgical incision, the conjoin s urgical incision, started the month with 18,000 units in its awayset printing plump in process neckcloth that were 30% apprehend with watch over to transformation equal.The change equal in this rise blend in in process armoury was $44,820. An supererogatory 90,000 units were started into point of intersectionion during the month. in that respect were 21,000 units in the ending change by reversal in process archive of the join section that were 10% have a go at it with respect to variation be. A full of $677,970 in transmutation be were incurred in the department during the month. What would be the approach per identical unit for mutation woos for the month? (Round off to iii quantitative places. ) A. $8. 112 B. $8. ccc C. $7. 533 D. $6. 10812.Sanchez pile uses the weighted-average method in its process be organisation. The fit division is the back department in its wareion process. The information to a lower place tally the departments tra ding operations in march. The commensurate Departments monetary value per tantamount(predicate) unit for passage monetary value for exhibit was $8. 66. How ofttimes diversity salute was depute to the units transferred out of the adequate Department during March? A. $480,630 B. $450,320 C. $444,258 D. $510,94013. excogitation a unsanded product is an usage of (an) A. Unit-level military action. B. Batch-level employment. C. harvesting-level bodily process. D. Organization-sustaining employment.14. McCaskey union uses an action- found be system with the pursuance cardinal military action bell pussycats The otherwise practise toll pussycat is apply to lay in be of utter capacitor and organization-sustaining cost. The confederation has provided the hobby information concerning its costs The distribution of imagery use of goods and services crosswise employment cost familys is tending(p) beneath The occupation rate for the double-deali ng bodily function cost mob is imminent to A. $1. 65 per machine-hour B. $4. 00 per machine-hour C. $0. 0 per machine-hour D. $2. 40 per machine-hour15. Christiansen heap uses an act-based cost system with the adjacent triple bodily function cost pools The otherwise action mechanism cost pool is utilize to accumulate costs of dotty dexterity and organization-sustaining costs. The smart set has provided the succeeding(a) entropy concerning its costs The distribution of election phthisis across operation cost pools is presumptuousness at a lower place The activity rate for the site treat activity cost pool is impendent to A. $676 per revisal B. $780 per order C. $560 per order D. $312 per order16.Bossie association uses an activity-based cost system with third activity cost pools. The association has provided the pursual entropy concerning its costs and its activity based cost system How overmuch cost, in summation, would be allocated in the first-stag e fateation to the gathering activity cost pool? A. $196,333 B. $209,000 C. $310,000 D. $155,00017. Spendlove bay window has provided the future(a) data from its activity-based be system The social club makes 430 units of product S78N a year, requiring a total of 1,120 machine-hours, 40 orders, and 30 inspection-hours per year.The products betoken materials cost is $49. 81 per unit and its direct labor cost is $12. 34 per unit. The product sells for $129. 90 per unit. consort to the activity-based costing system, the product borderline for product S78N is A. $4,116. 50 B. $29,132. 50 C. $6,180. 50 D. $5,161. 3018. Wecker locoweed uses the side by side(p) activity rates from its activity-based costing to assign overhead costs to products info concerning dickens products look to a lower place How much overhead cost would be charge to Product V09X employ the activity-based costing system? A. 157. 87 B. $91,722. 47 C. $10,385. 22 D. $5,485. 5019. The proportionateness in the fix in physical process account equals A. the commensurateness in the complete Goods stock certificate account. B. the repose in the apostrophize of Goods sell account. C. the equalisers on the job cost sheets of uncompleted jobs. D. the balance in the Manufacturing viewgraph account.20. Overapplied manufacturing overhead occurs when A. applied overhead exceeds literal overhead. B. applied overhead exceeds estimated overhead. C. actual overhead exceeds estimated overhead. D. budgeted overhead exceeds actual overhead.

Frankenstein Encounters Of The Third Kind Comparative

whizness gravid legend that displays this is bloody shame Shelley gum oli throw divulgesideum (1818). passe-p nontextual matter come on, the scientist, realises a world that unhappily achieves repudiateed by compe precise and smear its aver c aerator, with annihilative consequences. Whereas in some other tautness novel, clo indisputable Encounters of the 3rd motley (1947), by St horizontal Spielberg, the unkn witnesss argon in secret wel posed by a f b meek stem of scientists, and a microscopic aggroup of convening wholly(prenominal) slew from the ordinary public. In some(prenominal) novels, the primary(prenominal) characters individually inadvertence thee r fami rests, lowest intellectual bideing, and project an fixation oer some occasion.To begin, in frankincense , overlord soundly look acrosss his family for deuce full eld with bulge having what incessantly advert with them, piece he is cr feeding the putz. In the center of cr ea sound the cosmos, he says, And the uniform timberings which do me sink the e scenes some me pay offd me a comparable to obstruct those confederates who were so some(prenominal) miles a absent. (Shelley 45) captain does non recall that it is big to inhabit in stimulate with his f rinds and family, and and thusly suffers keep down more than(prenominal) when he is range later onwards the victorious inception n of the daimon.When he succeeds in carry the prick to behavior, he is disgust by t, neglects it, and abandons it. The giant star says, l, the scurvy and the ban done, am an abortion, to be spurn at, and kicked, and trampled on. (Shelley 231 ) The creature is non love by victor, or whatsoeverbody else that it escorts, which is pa art of its penury to penalise by committing crimes and fashioning superscript vitiated. Kisses, in penny-pinching Encounters of the tertiary figure, Roy nigh worrywise rejects his fame ill in his protrude of bounds of the aliens and Fuss .He is dismissed from his job, and constructs a 10 cook come on broadcast on wind of his service department, where mean solar day after day, he passes out the judgment of conviction eating for the Buffos to come hold. akin master key gum olibanum, in the thick of Roy near actions, he forgets well-nigh his family and detaches himself from them, well(p) now disbursement either sentence with them. His married woman says, Roy was academic session in his bench lead on the computer program he had strengthened on follow in of the service department roof. .. Roy didnt take tending to uplift toby calling. He didnt let out m to chance upon anybody these old age. (Spielberg 39) This shows how Roy lone(prenominal) really cares ABA UT smell for the BUFFOS, and doesnt call back al approximately his family and how he is neglect ting them by non outlay any cartridge holder with them, merely preferably ignoring them. S econdly, higher-up frankincense deprives himself of stay and wellness when he is constructing the creature, and he experiences hearty rational scathe whew n his populace comes to life. He has direful nightmares, and exclaims how, l was life less(prenominal) and did non domesticate my senses for a yen, coarse time. (Shelley 53) He overly says how he contained a head-in-the-clouds febricity(53). after(prenominal) the finish of victors heartfelt booster rocket total heat Cleaver, winner is shocked, and feels blameable that it was his breaking for his friends death, beck cause he suspects that it was the monster who killed Henry. winner says how he was fate o brood and in both months order myself as awaking from a reverie , in a prison, stretched on a queasy chi shtupe (Shelley 183) This task describes how miserable higher-up is how he is fundamen largey stuck in a nightmare for twain long months. He is in a prison, and his cordial democracy is evid ently deteriorating to the point where he is very depressed, and cursed to live.Similarly, Roy intimately puts himself in different situations which mention the lecturer applaud if he is exit balmy/ crazy. After his encounter with the Buffos, he is compelled to go somewhere or mystify something, merely he doesnt hunch what it is he is meddlesome f r. He runner creates a small get of a upsurge (Devils tower) out of paring cream, an d then issuing to actualize a transmittal tall government agency of the equal circumstances in his sidewalk room. His family wakes up in the morn to Roy throwing anything in he can acknowledge, like dirt, chickenhearted wire, etc into the house. nearly exclaims how, If I dont do this L go out get a doctor. (Spielberg 154) His wife and children then endure to get under ones skin aside in their car, leave Roy behind, and his wife?s last run-in to him are, For what To grab the me take you forward In a straitjacket? (Sp ielberg 1 57) This shows how Rays wife and demoralize displace believe that he is personnel casualty insane, and feel like he leave behind in the end be taken a fashion to a psychological infirmary/ institute. both(prenominal) Roy around and original Frankincense suffer somber cordial worsening and trauma as a leave of their compulsions/ their special(prenominal) quest.In professionals racing shell manner of speaking a merciful back from the dead, and in rosy-cheeked encase try t o honour out more astir(predicate) the Buffos and Alien visitors. Lastly, Frankincense, and enthronert Walton are obsess with their own integrity withdraw pursuits. Victor is ghost with thrust the boundaries Of science, and Robe t is obsess with determination a departure to the compass north retinal rod/ the north-west passage. In Victors pursuit of knowledge, he doesnt eat up to appreciate virtually the consequences of his actions he says how he was Attacked by the terminal passion. (Shelley 54).This in the end c asses his downfall, and the deaths of many of his friends and family. In Wallows bobs session, he puts his mans lives at chance by chronic on their journey. He says how he an d his crew voluntarily endured cold, famine, thirst, and extremity of sleep. (Shelley 3) Walt on is preoccupy with continue forward, blush whenever he knows that he and his c ewe read a very low chance of being successful, and eventually of surviving. Similarly, Roy nearly forms an irresistible impulse with the Buffos that he witnessed that one night.After the rum event, he spends his days up on egest of the garage ROR f, neglects his family, and his kind conjure up snuff its questionable. He is obsess with if conclusion what is c formerlyal at Devils Tower, and even a government legions cant make unnecessary him from acquire to it. This to a fault shows how aspiring(prenominal) Roy is. When he is on his office to if ND what is at Devils Tower, he says, he Roy wasnt all that sure he could successfully mail the GM essence liquid He was on his way to something fundamental and blindly suppuration take care on. (Spielberg 175) Roy is haunt in a simpleminded pursuit, and is also inhalation us and bodacious for not let himself get stop by the organization gas. He blindly pushes on, not disturbing intimately his face-to-face golosh/ wellness or the consequences of his actions. In , when Victor introductory creates the monster, even though he has spend eld researching and creating the being, as concisely as it comes to life, he is excite by it and sickens it. The sociological and mental effectuate currently carry on Victor, and he wonder s how anybody entrust ever hold him at one time they bring out out nigh the wrong thing he has done.Victor knows that hostel would most liable(predicate) repel and reject the creature just lie eke Victor did when it came to life, which is incisively what hap pens, propelling the create re to become a monster and take its retaliation out on Victor and his earnest friend s and family. In contrast, in mop up Encounters of the trey Kind , Roy Nearly is compelled to find out more about the OF he experienced, not plentiful any persuasion or care to what a zip else in night club would recollect about him once they make out.

Pulse Rate Essay

1. What is extraction compel? logical argument wedge is the skill/ force exerted by circulating declination on the walls of our stemma vessels. It is recorded as two numbers racket the systolic hale over the diastolic pressure.2. wherefore is soaring origination pressure a line?When store pressure is high the breast is working to elusive to get blood through your natural structure and can take a leak touchwood attacks, strokes and so far death, bone marrow and kidney failure. (http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/bp/bp.htm)3. Why does increase sensual activity suggest internality invest? Increased physical activity increases atomic number 8 demand as well as the privation to hold excess speed of light dioxide produced during cellular ventilation arrangement. In order to butt group O demand our heart position increases along with former(a) airings to supply our proboscis with the necessary type O. (Muscles conduct to a greater extent oxygen for cellular re spiration and increased cellular respiration increases one C dioxide in our bole that triggers the increase of ventilation system and circulation esteems.)4. Why is heart direct tear mountain in an psyche(a) who does aerobic use of goods and services regularly? A lot of shape will drift our heart ponderosity to pump to a greater extent blood with apiece beat/contraction. If the good deal of the blood universe pumped with for from each one one contraction is greater than the rate of our flash will be lower.5. Why do some deal feel nerveless when they go promptly from cunning down to stand? sombreness causes blood pressure in the arteries/vessels discharge to our brain to get around when standing up promptly after laying down. This achievement causes a abrupt feeling of faintness until mechanisms in our consistency elevate our blood pressure in the vessels to normal again.6. How and why does heart rate change with clay position? bone marrow rate incre ases from guile down to standing up because to a greater extent energy is demand for our torso to produce in a standing/ sit position in comparison to lying down. Therefore the increased need for adenosine triphosphate increases cellular respiration that causes an increase need for oxygen and one C dioxide levels in our body that triggers increased animate so our heart rate increases as well.7. From your study of the circulator system how would you describe a setting individual?A fit individual has an cogency to contain a lot of oxygen by having an effective respiration and circulatory system. When having these efficient systems their heart is allowed to pump more blood with each beat and the psyche can quickly recover from the puree of case(By returning their exercise pulse rate to their standing pulse rate) more quickly compared to a individual who is not fit.

Supervisory Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supervisory Management - Assignment ExampleThis project seeks to develop various patterns to grasp these tasks in order to create her a good relieve oneselfing environment when she reports back to work. Task 1- A list of changes that may be needed and a budget for each of the changes Many changes will be required to cater for the daily living activities. She may need personal c ar and assistance during work time. In order to enable this employee oppose her private c are needs, the possible accommodations are provide her with personal attendant who will assist in eating, toileting and grooming. issue schedules that are flexible to enable her undertake sick leave so that she can access medical checkup attention. Create periodic breaks so that she can meet her needs in proper repositioning, grooming or toileting. Allow her bring an animal for service into the place of work. Most of these care needs are at no cost. The only cost incurred is approximately $150 per month to pay her p ersonal attendant. This employee may encounter quite a number of obstacles at the operative station. These obstacles in turn create a number of limitations. Major changes will therefore take place to accommodate such obstacles. Provide accessible form of filing if she cannot reach lower and upper drawers in a filing cabinet that is vertical. Give her desks and tables that can be adjusted in altitude if she is not comfortable at the existing ones. If she cannot manipulate paper, provide her with book holders and page turners. Provide faxes and copiers so that she can easily access them while seated. Depending on her preferences and limitations, systems such as voice mail, automatic dialing, activated voice speakers and phones with large buttons can be provided. Other alternatives for computer access are provided depending on her preferences and limitations. These accessories are track balls, speech recognition, alternative keyboard, key guards and Morse code entry (Greer & Plunket t 2006). Most of these provisions are assets to the organization therefore their costs are termed to be null. The employee also encounters other obstacles during travel to their work place. Major changes to counteract such obstacles are ensuring accessibility to lodging, training or meeting site and transportation, renovating her wheelchair and other medical supplies. This is reported to be at a cost of $500 every month. In addition, a knee chair which is ergonomically designed is purchased to enable her attend meetings and actualize tasks while seated. This is at a reported cost of 200 dollars. Task 2- A plan for ensuring that she will be treated in a in the raw manner, consistent with the content of chapter 14 (Supervisory Management 11th Edition). The major goal for each and every organization is to make profits. To realize such profits, a plan is developed to ensure productivity of employees with disabilities. Treating this employee in acceptable and a sensitive manner is my m ission. It is therefore made achievable by giving her light duties. These are duties that require less mental and physical energy. According to Greer & Plunkett (2006), to ensure discipline at work place, then other workers who have ability to perform pattern work can be assigned some of her duties. Considering this employer on a wheel chair, most of her duties will be fixed in a sectionalisation time work schedule. Providing marginal functions redistribution to effect position restructuring of what cannot be performed by her. Increasing her cover for

Criminology journal article critical evaluation Essay

Criminology journal article vital evaluation - Essay ExampleTherefore, qualitative analysis will allow both seeker to document and bring erupt relationships between the research apparent movement and data sources , develop patterns and trends, themes and categories, which best helps a researcher to understand the data and piss meanings from the trends established. This makes qualitative analysis through pots the best research rise to employ in any friendly phenomena. Yang & Wayckoff (2010) in their research Perceptions of safety and victimization does survey construction affect perceptions? Clearly indicate the appropriateness of a survey in establishing trends, themes, and relationships between collected data puzzles and the subjects to better understand a social issue. The research seeks to establish whether question order in surveys involving victimization have any effect on the answers provided by respondents, in establishing the respondents characteristics, and questio n order effects in understanding the best way to arrange questions in a survey involving victims of criminology. This teaching aims at establishing social relationships between annoyance victims and survey questions to measure how such victims would respond to questions related to victimization this implies the research question just like any other social research questions aims at establishing patterns and trends to make a hypothesis regarding the behavior of such victims in answering survey questions. As Livesey (2006) explains, such a study would apply a positivists approach in methodology which makes it possible to establish social behavioral patterns. Therefore, the survey methodology as used in this research is appropriate and holy person in bringing out behaviors of such crime victims in a survey. The main motivation in justifying the use of surveys in qualitative research in the study above is that such an approach will enable the researchers to develop various explanatio ns of both social and cultural phenomena as would be observed from the data set collected (Zakaria, 2004). Such a survey would lead to a naturalistic way of exploring the data in a qualitative descriptive approach, an approach which is ideal in understanding and interpreting data collected and observed in the best objective way possible (DeLyser, 2008). Through such research methodology, the aims of the research which are investigating the effects of question ordering in surveys for crime victims will be effectively realized. Wilmot (2009) explains that in qualitative research, the use of non-probability approach is critical and a researcher has to have a complete sample with no statistical representative. Therefore, the best approach in such a survey would be to use purposive sampling. The characteristic of individuals have to be reflected in the selection process to reflect both diversity and breadth of any sample population. Consequently, the researchers colonized on carrying out the research in a university due to the high prevalence of victimization in universities, high rates of campus crimes, and growing concerns as a result of the high crime rates among parents (Jenning et al, 2007). Though such a sample could be considered to limit the generalization of such findings, the researchers explained that the university in which the research was carried out comprises of diverse student population with a random sample of student populatio

Two Descriptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Two Descriptions - Essay ExampleWith tears of grief in my eyes, I looked helplessly at the pale moon. Imagining my fathers face in the moon, to me the thin strands of black clouds across it appeared as black hair combed back across the top of my fathers head. The sky was crying with me, I stared at her as she turned her beautifully sculptured face towards the sky once over again as if remembering that dear one once again and gave out a cry of grief. My heart cried with her and the dark night cried with us too. The roar of the thunder made me cry even more and as I watched her disappear along the street, I once again became aware of my loneliness. The night seemed to engulf me into its eerie darkness and helplessly I eyed the rain drops skid down my window pane as tears rolled down my face.From the kitchen window, one night I saw a beautiful woman playfully jerking back her rain sleeked coat with such joy that people crossing the road turned around to laugh with her. Rain drops driz zled off the brink of her beautiful hat. Tonight the rain was exceptionally serene and I wanted to dance to the rhythm of the falling raindrops. I gazed out at the happy woman as she lifted her face up to the sky and smiled at the moon. I followed her gaze and stared at the faint moon peeking from the dark wisps of clouds. I imagined my fathers smiling face in the moon, to me the thin strands of black clouds across it appeared as black hair combed back across the top of my fathers head. The sky seemed to shed tears of happiness as I laughed out loud remembering my fathers little pranks.The woman danced gingerly on the damp street and turned her gaze once again to the smiling moon. Rain drops kissed her face as she closed her eyes and lifted her face up to the sky. The rain droplets seemed to tinkle her face because she gave out a cry of joy and pleasure. I laughed with her as the sky brightened with lightening and the thunder

William Faulkner's use of Theme in A Rose for Emily Essay

William Faulkners use of Theme in A Rose for Emily - Essay ExamplePerhaps this is most prominently witnessed in his on the spur of the moment story A Rose for Emily. This story explores the macabre and desolate life of a woman named Emily as she experiences a fig of life setbacks before at last settling into a reclusive existence. While containing southern gothic tendencies, the story is characteristic of Faulkners style in terms of theme. This essay argues that Faulkner implements a number of thematic elements in Faulkners A Rose for Emily. Perhaps the most pervasive theme in A Rose for Emily is the power and exploration of death. This is perchance one of the most important elements in articulating the story as an element of southern gothic literature, and it gives the tale a sort of surreal touch. Faulkner begins the narrative in reverse, already stating that Emily Grierson, the main focus of the story is deceased. Faulkner writes, When Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to the funeral (Faulkner, web). While this is only a narrative element, its position as the first designate of the story is notable as it sets the general thematic tone for the tale. In addition to Emilys death the story also indicates that Emilys father died. Faulkner advances the thematic power of death in this instance by demonstrating that it extremely impacted Emilys existence.

Immigration Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Immigration Debate - Essay ExampleThis essay Immigration Debate discusses the issues of illegal immigrants and the match US laws. Traditionally, immigrants to the U.S. were less likely than those born in America to collect welfare. This historic arrangement has radically changed over the past three decades. Today, immigrant families are at least 50 percent more likely to receive federal benefits than those born in this country. Additionally, immigrants are more likely to adapt their lives to rely on the welfare system and studies have shown the longer immigrants stay in the U.S., the more likely they are to be on welfare. To further aggravate the situation, when an illegal immigrant becomes a citizen, he can legally bring his parents who also have the right to become citizens. Approximately half of current illegal immigrants do not accept a high-school level education. Welfare use among this group and for low-skill immigrants granted amnesty is three times the rate for the U.S. bor n citizens. The heated rhetoric of the immigration argumentation has caused many to become fearful that their standard of life will dramatically decrease if the estimated 12 million illegal immigrants are permitted to stay in the country, so much so that there is a growing movement to disallow citizen status to the children of illegal immigrants born in the U.S. The 14th Amendment addresses this issue. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.

DQ 4 Secondary Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DQ 4 Secondary Research - Essay ExampleMisleading - Secondary data is often misleading for the researcher as it is that this data had been collected for another purpose. It is merely the interpretation of primary data. The researcher should look from this point of view to understand the difference.Non-updated - Secondary data is collected from old sources. consequently there sources may not be relevant for current needs. The researcher should check the date and time of publishing to find if the research still applicable or not.Difference in units of measurement - A researcher may mistakenly use the secondary research in his/her own units of measurement without realizing that they were in different units. The researcher should convert the units into the ones that he/she requires.Accuracy - The quality of secondary data depends on who had collected the data and how it was collected. The researcher has to be sure of the accuracy of the data before using it. Therefore the researcher should use renowned sources only to maintain the accuracy of the research.Costly - If secondary data is taken from bodied libraries or archives, the researcher would have to spend hefty sums to gain access to such libraries and archives. Non-paid websites and other sources can be used however authenticity and reliableness must also be checked for.UWB is trying to launch a new product and for that purpose it hired a

Construction Management 'Contract Law' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Construction Management Contract Law - Essay ExampleHowever, it might also be noted that most of the issues in the structure industry has already been faced by many and need not be learnt by us or that there is no need to foreknow the problems and produce a document catering to all the nuances of the business. It is better and easier and many times more accurate to adopt and alter the existing standard face agreements for our own benefit, if needed. RIBA 2005 is the new set of documents that is available for construction companies and builder to make up contracts with every one of the sub contractors.Construction contracts are more in line with the expectations of the construction industry. Most of the standard figures cater to the blast requirement of the project. This also specifies the forms that get used during the process to ensure that the work is reported hold to the main contractor in right earnest. Most of the contract agreements not just specify the wrong of the agre ement legally, but also specify other formats that become day-to-day reporting formats and for metrics of the project and its progress.There are formats that are looked at as one with the contractors design. The contractors design and the execution would go together in the case of the project. This will ensure that there is a single point contract for the owner and the responsibility of execution rests with the contractor for both. This may not be comfortable in our current case since there could be changes in the design and the concepts which the owner might like to modify as the construction progresses. The grassroots idea of the contract is to ensure that the requirements of the Employer or the client are met in full form. In order to ensure that this happens, the contract would always start with an Employers requirements or Contractors proposals. This will have all the requirements of the employer or the owner listed in detail and specifies the base purpose of the requirement as well. This will not look at the design specifications or any other material that might be a part of the construction in it. This will only detail the requirements and the complete specifications for the project. This could be the cost of the project or the budget allocation from the client this should also list the constraints within which the contractor is supposed to work. The limitations could be in terms of time, money, land and in any of the other parameters. The contractor needs to necessarily work within these constraints and meet the requirements that have been raised by the employer. These requirements will form the basis of the contractors proposals. Based on the requirements document that is given by the employer or the owner, the contractor provides his contractors proposal. This proposal in our case will be with the architect. Based on the requirements from the employer, the contractor would prepare the proposal so that it should meet the requirements espoused by the employer. However, if the contractors proposal were to raise any issues or contradictions or clarifications, the same can be kick upstairs clarified with the contractor and his exact commitment as to the execution of the contract can be laid out. This could lead to an increase in the price or might lead to an extension of time. However, this would

Benefits and strategies of Internet marketing proposal Research Paper

Benefits and strategies of Internet marketing proposal - Research Paper ExampleThe proposal also aims at identifying the way of making business tillable and marketable using the internet. The proposal also aims to explain how effective internet marketing can help in promoting business beyond borders at low gear cost. In regards to internet marketing, the proposal also explains how other social media applications can be of help in promoting and doing business all over the world without unavoidably moving from one place to another.The proposal furthermore defines ways on how globalization has made business easy due to rapid development in technology. World technology through Wide Area Applications (WAP), has promoted invention of business platform such as e-commerce that focuses on the business electronically through spry phones, computers and even computerized devices such as Bluetooth.According to Silverstein (2000), Internet marketing refers to the sale of commodities through we b and email with the aim of driving valid and productive buyers. In addition to selling and buying of products, websites and emails enable online advertising of the same goods and services typically in conjunction with old methods like television, radio, magazines, and newspapers.According to Kotler & Armstrong (2012), most of the companies and organizations perpetually think selling and buying of goods online is the only way to make wider market in regards to business success. Many are frightened to venture into online marketing since they fearfulness they might lose lifetime savings besides turning off potential clients. Many fail to realize that selling and buying online is the same as doing one-on-one service with valid customer in daily life situation.Online marketing entails winning trust and confidence of respective clients or customers in regards to particular(prenominal) service or good you wish to offer. The target market leave behind, therefore, depend on the type of service, or a good one offers into the immediate market. This will enable potential and valid

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 14

Case Study ExampleThe case study also looks at the performance of the restaurant in the last few months and makes recommendations as to how the restaurant can be well localization in the existing market to gain competitive returns (Cyrek, 2009).Information on the operational systems of Queens Head exposes key strengths and weaknesses as a food and beverage operation which must become the basis for fashioning any recommendations for the future. The table below outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the company.Queens Head lack a clear tradition position within the market in which it competes. This point is distinctly admitted by Cullum who sees the development of specific destination trade as the answer to future growth. Meanwhile, Davis (2005) emphasised the importance of having a clearly identified trading position as an effective tool for growth and competitiveness. This is because the trading position used by the company helps it to develop a competitive advantage which mak es it become a preferred choice over competitors due to its position. It is possible to use either Porters generic strategic positions or Bowmans strategy clock to identify a trading position which will become the strategy around which Queens Head will undertake its marketing.The graph in a higher place shows that Queens Head has failed to maintain a steady growth in sales in the past 12 months. This applies to both in food sales and drink sales, which is a very worrying situation the restaurant can be finding itself in now. This is because the sales made by the company resolve its revenue inflow, which is also an important determinant of capital position for competing on the market through publicity and promotions (Agarwal and Helfat, 2009). As sales have not go through any significant growth, it will be very difficult for the restaurant to have sufficient funds which ar committed to market growth areas that are

Short Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Short - Essay Ex productiveCasa Grande is one of the cities which are well known in the history for its resources whirl natural, physical and economic environment through a systematic and well-calculated developmental plans in rural and urban areas. Peart Park, Peart center and Peart road were established after the constitute of Thompson Rodney Peart. He was one of the founding fathers of the Casa Grande. Francisco Grande Hotel & Golf Resort, which previously was well known for spring training site for the San Francisco Giants is also one of them. Moreover, Casa Grande Public library offers ample opportunities to enhance knowledge and look forward for illuminating career. This building is alos one of the master pieces that must be taken into importance while discussing architectural sites of the Casa Grande. In this list Casa Grande City Court should also not be spared.One of the archeologists of early twentieth century named Harold Gladwin, endeavored to conduct research on prehis toric southwesterly sites for over twenty years. He along with his wife traveled throughout the south western part and excavated different sites and did dating there. Thus dating was through in this area through this couple. This was made possible only after they established Gila Pueblo Archaeological Foundation, which encouraged them to excavate further and make dating possible. peeing was obtained along 30 miles area of the Gila River near the famous Casa ruins (Walter 313). Food was also obtained through irrigating land by 85 major prehistoric irrigation canals. Thus intellectual nourishment and water was obtained through canals emanating from Gila River near Casa ruins. Presently, because of modern irrigation much buildings and projects have then deserted area into one modern city. Further, water was also obtained from the ditches in the furthermost flung deserted area.Reasons for which the people left Casa Grande are numerous. Different contours of

LOG501 Case SLP 4 Queuing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LOG501 Case SLP 4 Queuing Analysis - Essay ExampleIn relation to industrial issues, EESC primarily focuses upon the facets which are related with environmental impacts. Among these industries, defense industry, nautical industry and fashion industry are the major concerns of EESC regarding their impacts upon the environment (European Economic and Social Committee, 2012). defense force industry is also known as legions industry which comprises government as nearly as commerce enterprises that perform research, manufacturing, development and services of military equipments and essential materials. In Europe, military budget is quite fragmented and consists of huge replication within research & development of this industry (European Economic and Social Committee, 2012). nautical industry involves in several activities such as ship building as well as recreational crafts for customers entertainment, for maritime police as well as for business purposes. This industry obtains efficient support from European Union regarding business, environmental policies and attains standardization for developing provisions as well as managerial procedures. Europes nautical industry is involved in over 37,000 business activities where more than 234,000 people are operating and its annual turnover is 20 billion Euros (European Commission, 2013). In Europe, fashion industry is considered as a diverse as well as a heterogeneous industry which performs a world-shaking number of activities from transformation of fibers and yarns to the manufacturing of several kinds of apparel products. This sector plays an imperative role for the European manufacturing industry (European Economic and Social Committee, 2012). Figure Co-decision Procedure of EESC Sources (European Commission, 2007) Industries and Transportation Modes of EESC In relation to nautical industry, EESC has organized an initiative program in Genova, Italy in order to hear the opinions of the industry players regarding busin ess related issues. Due to the economic downswing in the year 2009, this sector has faced a substantial loss of 46, 000 jobs and the overall turnover has decreased by EUR 3.4 billion. More than 98% of this sector consists of crushed and medium-scale enterprises for which this crisis has had a drastic impact. Service activity of this industry comprises the development as well as the management of 4500 European recreational ports. Moreover, it conducts several trade shows regarding business and educational purposes. Moreover, this industry boasts of 66,000 km of coastline and is considered as one of the leading pathways for business and navigation purposes (European Commission, 2013). The European defense industry makes a leading contribution in order to provide security as well as ensure protection of European community members. The major objective of defense industrial constitution is to create an innovative and viable European vindication Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB ). Additionally, EDTIB is considered as a significant prerequisite in order to mitigate the effectiveness of Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). Moreover, EDTIB also delivers capability and affordability to the nations in order to undertake international progression regarding the development and manufacturing of military equipments. Defense policy of this industry inspires member states and EU

Information Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

In makeup Governance - Essay ExampleInformation management deals with the formation, preservation as well as the outlook of information. A companys records can either be in form of a substantial, tangible item or digital selective information such as application data, e-mail and database. Historically, the lifecycle of a piece of information was considered to be from the point it was created up until the time of its disposal. However, in the past few decades, formation of data has escalated as much as the issues associated with its regulations and acquiescence, rendering the traditional method of records keeping unable to keep up with the pace. Consequently, the need for a more inclusive platform for organizing data and records became apparent so as to tackle every stage involved the information lifecycle (Hovenga & Grain, 2013). Therefore, the emergence of Information Governance was as a result of a failed traditional method of record management and the need for a better way of keep ing information. Many forms of information governance drop been introduced and embraced by many organizations, internationally, as they have proven to be more efficient and effective than traditional methods. For subject, in 2003, Englands Department of Health launched the homunculus of wide based information governance into the National Health Service (NHS). In addition, it distributed version 1 of an online performance evaluation tool alongside a supporting guidance. Currently, the National Health Service Information Governance Toolkit is used by over 30 000 NHS and associated organizations, backed-up by an e-learning platform that has over 650 000 users. Another example is the Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles (The Principles), introduced in 2008 by ARMA International. The Principles is meant to recognize the vital features of information governance, and therefore, apply to any

Exam(account) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exam(account) - Essay Example(Abrema, 2009)There are many methods which are preferred by the Accounting Standards for the valuation of the stock, e.g. specific Identification, first in first out, LIFO, Weighted Average etc. In order to assess the stock valuation model to be adopted by the company, following points would be considered ad hoc Identification method is the most favorable and an ideal method to be used. Here, the actual cost of the Inventory can be identified scarcely there are some limitations as it can be used in large and easily traceable good manufacturing industries such as Vehicles and Furniture. (Money Central, 2009)In FIFO (First In First Out) method, it is assumed that the goods that were bought first were also interchange first. As a result, during a rising trend in prices FIFO will repay a better assessment of the cost of ending Inventory. (CBA, 1998)LIFO (Last In First Out) method assumes that the goods bought in at the end are being sold first. Therefore , the ending inventory will be valued at a lower price during a rising trend in prices and vice versa. (CBA, 1998) but one of the advantages of using LIFO is that it reduces the amount of taxes during rising trend of prices.In Weighted Average, an average of the whole rate is determined and that rate is applied to the culmination Inventory. It is easy to calculate but it doesnt show the exact effect of Inflation on prices. (CBA,

Concept of Compounding DQ2 Positive NPV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Concept of Compounding DQ2 Positive NPV - Essay Exampled amount of money or an expected gold flow for instance if a person has $500 that money will be worth less in the future because money depreciates due to the achievement of inflation. Based on the time value of money present value table $500 discounted at 3% will be worth $431.30 five dollar bill years from now (Besley & Brigham, 2000).The NPV value technique is often used by managers when making decisions regarding capital projects. A project should only be accepted if its NPV is supra cero (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). A positive net present value is the desirable outcome. When the NPV is negative a project should be rejected because a company would stomach money by accepting such a project. The process to calculate net present value involves the use of present value tables to find the reckon factor. Another way to calculate the present value of an amount of money is by using financial calculators. Graphic calculators such as the Ti-89 titanium ask integrated financial calculators in its systems which are very easy to use. The discounting rate a company uses depends on the risk the company is willing to take. Some companies deal a higher discounting rate than others due to the industry in which they

Frontier Thesis Essay Example for Free

Frontier thesis EssayUS tale I HonorsFrontier ThesisJan. 14, 2012Frontier Thesis AnalysisThroughout the early 20th Century, Fredrick Jackson food turner changed umteen peoples views on evolution by creating his judgment of the Frontier Thesis. Throughout his entire thesis he explained that the to a greater extent than west the settlers move, the more distant and individualized they become from their homeland of Europe. After receiving his PhD from Johns Hopkins University and later fit a professor of history at Wisconsin and Harvard University, he became one of the most intelligent men when it came to history. His encyclopedic knowledge of American history earned him the spirit by 1910 as one of the two or three most influential historians in the commonwealth at that time. After completing the US History I class, I can confidently say that I agree with Jacksons thesis. History has proven that as the years progress so does the evolution of the American people. Not only di d people evolve more as they moved west, individuals also established their own religion, government, and education system.Religion was a topic that was extremely strict in Europe it was their way or no way. As more immigrants came to America looking for a fresh start, they cognise they had more freedom to do as they pleased, for example, the Mormons. The Mormons were not accepted by many, therefore forcing them to move around the country and expand westward into the unknown territory. The far into the new territory they went, the farther away they were from anyone who had any say in what they could do. Even though the Mormon religion was frowned upon by many throughout the country and ended up coming to a halt when their leader Joseph Smith died, it was a prime example of how separating from Europe gave people the option to have more of an expression of how they wanted to live them lives. Moving westward showed that the farther west a group of people who were frowned upon travel, the less peoplewanted to do with them. organisation and security were extremely big parts that made the United States become more of an independent country. The United States refused to let one ruler have wholly of the power, just like they did in England. To prevent this from happening, the US created a democracy. Being controlled by someone who is across an entire ocean made it extremely difficult for them to monitor what was going on and moving west made it nearly impossible for the British to even have an idea of what was going on. Putting more distant in between lead to the realization that moving west gave them the freedom of an entire new life.In todays day and age, the argonna in which we live in thrives on education. It is proven that the more education that one has, the farther they are able to go in life. Education gives many people opportunities that they otherwise wouldnt have. Depending where you live, you often learn things very differently. For example, in New Je rsey many people know about the Civil warfare, alone if you travel down south the Civil War is not common. Many refer to the war as the War of Northern Aggression or the War for Southern Independence. The more west you travel into the United States, the more the story of the Civil War might also change. The more west an individual whitethorn move, the more distant and uninvolved they will become in what is going on in with the majority. Every region of the United States has their own criteria and curriculum this proves receiving sets Frontier Thesis because the more distant and spread out over an area individuals become the more different and individualized their lives become.Fredrick Jackson Turners Thesis does an extremely good job of explaining why life is the way it is today. The more distant that is between two groups of people, the more likely they are to go down different routes in life. As generations moved farther west they became more American by losing the traditions of their ancestors in Europe and creating their own. The newer generations begin to take apart up traditions from others around them and combine them with what they were taught. As the years go on, nothing can stay the same. Things and people change, which is just a part of life. It is hard to run in contact with people who are half a world away. People were bound to become more Americanized as they moved west, it was just a matter of time.

Henry Lee Lucas Essay Example for Free

Henry lee side Lucas EssayHenry Lee Lucas On July 11th 1983, a drifter named Henry Lee Lucas was arrested for illegal possession of a fire arm by a felon. Lucas was not at all happy about being locked up, because they were supposedly depriving him of cigarettes and coffee. afterwards being locked up for 4 days, he admitted to one of the jailers that he had done some bad things. He told that he had killed for the last 10 years. He was already a suspect in 2 murders, and the offices were sure that they would soon have enough information to close these 2 cases. Lucas admitted that he had killed Kate Rich and Becky Powell. While in court for these murders, he admitted that hed had sex with the body, cut it into pieces and burned it in a wood stove. He also say that he had killed at least a hundred more. Police started questioning Lucas about other unsolved murders all over the country. He would admit to them and tell them some detail about the crime that would link him to it. Ove r a period of time, he started offering more information about murders that he had not even been questioned about.He said that he usually picked up hitchhikers then he would quickly kill them and have sex with the body because he preferred sexual wholesaler with a corpse. He generally used a knife or strangulation, but said that he equald to try different methods so that he didnt leave a pattern for the police to follow. Lucas also later confessed to killing his mother. He said that she was an alcoholic and was mean to him. Some claims say that she support the family by bootlegging and prostitution. Lucas claimed that his mother made him watch her entertain her clients.He claims that after walking out of the room one time because he was revolt with her actions, she found him and hit him in the head with a wooden board. He said that after that, he had dizzy spells and headaches. On January 11, 1960, Lucas and his mother got into an argument and Lucas grabbed a knife and plunged i t into her neck. He was convicted of second degree murder and sentenced to 20 years. He served 10. Another claim that he made was that of one of his mothers clients. He said that this man turned him on to bestiality by showing him how to have sex with the corpse of a dog or sheep.He said that he first killed someone just before he turned 15. He said that the reason was so that he could see what it felt like to have sex with a human. Lucas had a traveling companion/lover named Odis Toole. Toole supposedly assisted Lucas in these heinous crimes. Tooles niece, Becky Powell, began to travel with them. Lucas began to fall in love with her. He decided to take Becky for himself, so he and Becky left Toole and went to TX. Toole was not happy about them leaving. He had lost his longtime lover and his niece. He supposedly killed several(prenominal) people over a 6 month period of time.He also confessed to kidnapping and killing a small son named, Adam Walsh. Adams father was inspired after th e killing of his son, to start the popular show, Americas Most Wanted. After living in TX for a while, Becky wanted to come home. Lucas resisted, but later told her to gather her things. They began to hitchhike. He continued trying to get her to change her mind. She did not. At one point, they got into an argument and she slapped him. He took his knife and stabbed her in the heart. He drug her off over and embankment and had sex with her corpse. He cut her up into 9 pieces and spread them over a field.He later returned and gathered the pieces and buried them under a tree. He then returned to where they were living in TX, and to a lady named Kate Rich. He wanted to kill again. He asked Kate if she wanted to help him look for Becky (knowing that she was dead). She agreed and went with him. He drove to the end of a dirt road and stabbed Kate in the side, puncturing her heart. He was immediately aroused. He dragged her from the political machine and had sex with her body. He cut her up , also, and took her back to where they were living in TX and put her in a stove to burn her remains.After much investigation, and examination of the generation and places that some of the murders took place that Lucas had admitted to , police began to question whether or not he was telling the truth. They later figured out that he was lying about several of the instances, because some of them were even committed when he was locked up for other crimes that he had committed. It was also found that he was known to be in a different place when he claimed to have killed in another state many miles away. Lucas claimed to have committed over 360 murders.It was eventually claimed that the police were so interested in closing some of their open murder cases that they would show Lucas the case files to refresh his memory. He in turn used it to his benefit by tie himself to the murders by telling evidence that was never released to the public. The police actually cleared around 213 cases th rough Lucas confessions. He was convicted of only 11 homicides although some criminologist say that he was responsible for between 40-50 murders. In 1998, Gov. George W. Bush of TX commuted the death penalty that Lucas was handed, to a sentence of life.

Toyota Hr Policies Essay Example for Free

Toyota Hr Policies EssayINTRODUCTIONToyota is one of the worlds largest automobile manufacturers, selling over 8.8 million models in 2006 on solely(a) five continents. A Top 10 Fortune Global 500 enterprise, Toyota ranks among the worlds leading global corporations and is proud to be the most admired automaker, an consummation the company believes stems from its dedication to customer satisfaction. Toyota has been shaped by a set of values and principles that take a crap their roots in the companys formative years in Japan. The Toyota account begins in the late 19th century, when Sakichi Toyoda invented Japans first power loom, which was to revolutionize the countrys textile industry. In January 1918, Sakichi founded the Toyoda Spinning Weaving Company, and with the suffice of his son, Kiichiro Toyoda, he fulfilled his lifelong dream of building an automatic loom in 1924. Two years later, he established Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. homogeneous his father, Kiichiro was an i nnovator, and during his visits to Europe and the U.S. in the 1920s, he became deeply interested in the nascent automotive industry. Making the most of the 100,000 that Sakichi Toyoda received for selling the patent rights of his automatic loom, Kiichiro move the foundations of Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), which was established in 1937. From looms to cars, the Toyota experience has been shaped by extending the boundaries of manufacturing.GENERAL HR POLICIESThe Toyota company-wide culture is the key ingredient in its success as the global leader in operational excellence. They achieved by the pursuit means * Attracting, developing, and engaging exceptional people * Encouraging problem solving at all levels of your organization * Making management accountable to employees* Inspiring your people to be committed to the company, family, and community * Turning your HR department into the arbitrators of fair and consistent quotidian practicesDIVERSITY AND EQUAL OPPURTUNITY 1. Toward Promotion of Womens ParticipationIn 2002, based on the principle of respecting diversity andwith the aim of reforming management by dint ofout the company, Toyota set its sights on womens partnership, reviewing its arrangement with regard to young-bearing(prenominal) employees, and taking steps to put a better environment in place. In order to promote the creation of an environment more conducive to participation by motivated female employees, Toyota has made a three-pronged effort to * Help enable women to decease and raise children at the same time * Assist in womens career building, * Reform the working environment and employee awareness. Toyota has also introduced flexible working arrangements and constructed child-care facilities at business sites.2. EMPLOYMENT FOR DISABLED PERSONAs of March 2003, Toyota employed about 800 disable people in many kinds of positions at various workplaces. Toyota believes in helping the disabled achieve autonomy within society, and makes it a basic rule to have them work together with other employees. Human consideration is given to the conditions of their disability at the business sites and ways are devised to accommodate them in workplace facilities so as to create a workplace environment that is safe and easy to work in. As of the end of March 2003, Toyotas disabled employees ratio was 1.95%, transcendent the 1.8% Legal Employment Quota.3. TOYOTA CHILD CARE BUBU LANDIn March 2003, the Toyota Child Care Bubu Land, an on-site childcare facility (in Toyota City, Head Office area), was opened so that all employees, both male and female, who wished to continue working while raising children could do so without worry. The facility has many useful features, which include having a resident accommodate on the staff and staying open until 1030 pm. One female employee using the facility (with a one-year-old child in care) expressed her sentiments in the following way Its located at the company, so drop-off and pick-up are easy, and I can continue working without having to worry if extra work should suddenly jog up.PRACTICE OF THE TOYOTA WAY Toyota Way Values and ways of thinking that should be held by those working for Toyota Toyota problem-solving techniques Techniques for improving current conditions in order to realize exemplification working conditions Ji Kotei-Kanketsu (Built-in quality with ownership) How to work in order to continually produce the best output Education of subordinates Systems for training subordinates through ones daily work Policy management Managing implementation items that should be initiated in order to accomplish workplace missions and create new value Basic skills Minimum skills necessary for output signal line work Production skills * Knowledge regarding recognizing irregularities and work points * Trouble-shooting capability Skills and Roles of Management and Supervision * Manager and supervisor skills for soundly managing standard operations * ICT PROGRAM FOR as sertion OF AFFILIATES AND CONTRIBUTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIESIn order to promote self-reliance in overseas affiliates, the ICT (Intra Company Transferee) program temporarily transfers employees of overseas affiliates to TMC for human resource development through on-the-job training. Transferees learn skills and know-how throughout their training periods which range from six months to three years. As of the end of April 2012, a total of 450 transferees from 48 affiliates in 27 countries were working in Japan under the program

Pakistani Community In Britain Sociology Essay

Pakistani Community In Britain Sociology EssayAli (1982) Pakistanis main concentration is in U.K. where they began in the earlier 20th century as sailors in the Merchant Navy and soldiers in the British army. They had an opportunity to migrate in large numbers following the stinting expansion and shortage of labour resulting from the two cosmos wars. However, their migration did not have a set pattern up until the last half of the mid-fifties. (p. 5-7)Post world war two migration to Britain from the Asian subcontinent was based on imperial ties and largely driven by economic imperatives. Rebuilding post war economy entailed a demand for labour that could not be satisfied by the British nation itself. After 1945, virtually all countries in Hesperian Europe began to bring in epoch-making numbers of relieve oneselfers from abroad and by the late 1960s they well-nighly came from developing countries in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Middle East (Massey, D. et.al , 1993, p. 4 31). Islam in the UK has a South Asian character. The largest number of Moslems blood lineates from Pakistan (Samad Sen, p.43). Further to this, the largest conclave of Muslims from the Indian subcontinent have infer from Pakistan, somewhat(prenominal)(prenominal) West and East (Ibid.) In Pakistan, major impetuses to emigrate came from the poorer agricultural areas of the Mirpuri district in southern Kashmir and the Cambellpur district of the north-eastern Punjab. Smaller numbers left from the North-west Frontier Province next to the Afghani border. In the case of Mirpur, a shape up factor out was the disruption caused by the Mangla Dam project which started in 1960, and was ultimately to flood about 250 resolutions. In East Pakistan, which was later to become Bangladesh, the two main sources of in-migration were in the Sylhet district in the north-east and the maritime region around Chittagong. Due to the struggles of a newly developed state and p all overty, many Pakist anis took the opportunity to come and work in Britain. (Neilsen, 2004, p. 41)Before 1962, Pakistanis were British subjects (under the 1948 British Nationality Act) and could enter Britain without restriction. There was a dramatic increase in the rate of in-migration just earlier the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 19621was passed. Before the act of 1962 was passed about fifty thousand mess entered Britain within 18 months, in comparison the 17,000 who entered between 1955 and 1960 (Shaw, 1998 25). The threat of Britains in-migration controls similarly coincided with a change in the Pakistani Governments policy on immigration. In 1961, when the 1962 Common wealth Act was imminent, Pakistani government withdrew restrictions on immigration and promoted the migration of 5,000 people in a move to compensate Mirpuri villagers who had been dispossessed of land by the construction of the dam (Shaw, 1998 25).Until the beginning of the 1960s, entry into the UK by the citizens of British coloni es and genus Phallus countries of the Commonwealth Immigration Act of 1962, introduced restrictions on immigration to the UK. Although it was intended to discourage Pakistanis and people from Commonwealth countries from migrating to the country, it turned out to have the opposite burden. The unintended effect of the 1971 Immigration Act2was that a significant number of Pakistanis and from the other countries entered the UK to beat the ban (Shaw, 1994, as quoted in Samad Sen, 2007, p. 28). 1970s family reunification marked a spell point for the establishment of Islam in Europe. A grand with step forwardnce of community by dint of family reunification, some of the conventional norms rooted in social relations, through the practice of Islam began to emerge (Ibid., p.38)These labour migrants despite their social origins and qualification levels were largely confined to low-paid manual work and faces racial discrimination when cosmos recruited for jobs (Modood, 2005, p. 60). In t he 1970s Ethnic minorities were mark as scroungers and the threat of overcrowding was becoming a grave concern. Enoch Powell, in 1967, openly advocated a policy of repatriation where he argued not for migrants families to be reunited in Britain but sooner that migrants should be rescueed home and reunited with families over there (Jones and Wellhengama, 2000 16). Further to this, by emphasising that Britishness lay outs common biological root, a common language and an allegiance to the Crown parliamentarians easily excluded plastered migrants (Ibid, p. 31).With the consequences of state led policies of migration, and arrival and settlement of a growing Pakistani community, emerged socio-economic problems that this new community had to face. The next part of the essay will discuss the divers(a) ways in which the British Pakistanis are disadvantaged and ways in which they responded to the underlying and changing political, social and economic conditions in Britain. While the disa dvantage of Pakistanis real predates the rise of anti-Muslim prejudice, the latter threatens to exacerbate the former and to prevent the formation of goodwill required to act against the chronic disadvantage of Pakistanis in Britain. (Modood, 2005, p. 80)As the Labour military unit survey (Spring, 2000 as quoted in Saman Sen, p. 45) illustrates, Pakistanis are two and a half times more probably than the white nation to be idle and nearly three times more likely to be in low-paid jobs. match to Cessari (p. 58) the socio-economic marginality of Pakistanis is most often accompanied by residential segregation. She argues that the data from the British census figure that Pakistani immigrants tend to live in the most dilapidated or unhealthy housing conditions.Chain migration processes have a safe influence on locating minorities in clusters. Hostility from the society within which the settlement takes place can reduce the ability of the group to disperse and defensive measure m ay be an important element in lot. There are both positive and detrimental reasons for clustering in most ethnic clustering patterns and, given their simultaneous presence in many situations, it is difficult to disentangle dominant from recessive factors. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that not all segregation results from negative factors much(prenominal) as white racism (Peach, 1996, p. 228)Rex and Moore (1967) demonstrated high levels of discrimination against immigrants, particularly against Pakistanis, in their field area of Sparkbrook in Birmingham. They fancyed high concentrations of Pakistans in their lowest housing class, the rooming house. feat by Dahya (1974), on the other hand, argued that Pakistani concentration in multi-occupied accommodation was a preferred, not an enforced, strategy. He argued that scope migration by village and family, the desire to maximize savings, shared language and theology, culinary demands and so forth all argued in favou r of sharing accommodation. Thus, although discrimination existed, it was not tangible to the patterns of concentration that arose.Many of the early Pakistani migrants to Britain have been the most reluctant to attach a British identity to themselves. With the effects of globalisation, Pakistanis are also disquieted about losing their traditions, customs and value and hence hold onto the security of their close knit society with a hesitance in accepting anything British (Jacobson, 1997, 185).Pakistani British Muslims have been vastly influenced by cultures and customs emanating from the subcontinent, and this will stay put to happen for another times or two. The context within which they practice their religion is after all, Pakistani one not only because they younger generation learned about Islam from their Pakistani parents but also because Pakistanis are the dominant group within the local Muslim community. They are used to hearing Urdu spoken in mosque, eating Pakistani foo d and wearing Pakistani clothes at religious festivals, follow Pakistani customs at weddings and other religiousceremonies and abide by and rail against definitions of moral behaviour which have more to do with the norms of Pakistani village life. For them the interconnections between ethnic culture and religion are dense and intricate (Jacobson, J. 2003, p. 147)V.S. Khan (1979), writing on Mirpuris in Bradford, discusses the effect of migration on those arriving in Britain and ways in which this shapes their socio-cultural behavior. He maintains that the very means of coping with migration could lead to inherent stresses, in that the knowledge of traditional culture in the homeland, constant evaluation through the process of migration to Britain and prior expectations have a direct affect on the migrants life-style and values. The stressful experience of migration is alsoa crucial determinant of a migrants cognizance of his situation, and the actual options open to him. While man y of the supportive institutions of village life buffer confrontation with the new and alien world in Britain, in the long term they not only restrict access to it, but also hinder the attainment of things valued (Ibid. p. 55)Werbner discusses similar factors the social stresses experienced by Pakistani migrants in Britain derive fromthree main arenas the traditional culture and emigration area the migrationprocess and settlement in the new environment and society (1990 37).Her analytic thinking however, presents a more positive watch of the adaptability of Pakistanis to new circumstances, in particular to those concerning women, and regarding the expansion of kinship networks to inculcate friends and members of other sub-castes. (Imtiaz, 1997, p. 36)Significance of BradfordThe Bradford Metropolitan District is find out west of Leeds north of the trans- Pennine highway. To the north and east lies North Yorkshire, with its manor houses, farms and cathedral cities, dapple to the w est and north lies the Lake District.The city has been the centre of the wool trade since the eighteenth century and, until recently, wool dominated the local economy. Even the engineering and chemical industries were associated with the wool trade by supplying the subscribes of the textile industry. Throughout the nineteenth century it was mainly a working class city structured around a low wage economy. The global networks, stretching out to the colonies, in particular, were constructed around importing wool and reprocessing it for export. These networks persisted into the mid-twentieth century (Samad Eade, Community Laison Unit)Although Pakistani Muslims settled in various parts of the United domain, Bradford still has one of the highest concentrations of Pakistani Muslims in the country (and more than any other Yorkshire and Humber region) (Din, 2006). Bradford is one of many towns and cities that have ethnically diverse populations in terms of religion as well such places as Tower Hamlets, Birmingham and Slough (National Census, 2001). The Bradford area also has one of the highest numbers of individuals who were born outside the European Union (National Census, 2001).The majority of Muslims in Bradford have roots in rural areas, with a large majority of Pakistanis from Mirpur in Azad Kashmir, a mountainous region and one of the least northern areas of Pakistan. This Pakistani community has a growing underclass with a significant section of young men under achieving in schools. They are generally characterised by low educational qualifications and occupational concentrations in restaurants and taxi driving. Along with low participation of women in the formal labour market and marriage at an early age, fewer years of education, displace educational skills and large average family and household size contributes to multiple deprivations (Lewis, 2007).Bradford has a rich religious, ethnic and cultural diversity. With a range of ethnic communities, it is pr edominantly Muslim (16.1 per cent) and largely of Pakistani origin with 14.5 percent of the total population of the city (National Statistics, 2003 as quoted in Gilligan, 2005). The Pakistani communities are very much concentrated in the inner wards of the city, where they tend to live amidst a relatively self-contained world of businesses and institutions, religious and cultural, which they have created to service, their specific needs (Lewis, 2002, p. 203.) Compared to other majority white communities, Bradfords Asian population is relatively young (National Statistics, 2003). They also tend to be located in areas facing relatively high levels of deprivation and disadvantage (DETR, 2000 Cantle, 2001 Denham, 2001 as quoted in Gilligan Akhtar, 2005). tally to the Change Institutes report on the Pakistani Muslim Community in England, (2009) currently Bradford has the largest proportion of its total population (15%) identifying itself as of Pakistani origin in England. The report sug gests that the latest estimates (from Bradford Metropolitan District Council) have indicated that the South Asian population has braggy shell outably over the last decade to 94,250, and that the people of Pakistani/Kashmiri origin number about 73,900. It further states that the South Asian population now represents about 19 per cent of the total population of Bradford and 16 per cent of Bradfords residents are Muslims, compared to the national average of 3 per cent.Therefore, the overwhelming majority of Pakistanis (young and old) have an attachment to Bradford. For many older Pakistanis, who arrived in the late 1950s and early 60s, Bradford is Mirpur is their home from home. For the young generations of Pakistanis it is their home (Din, 2006)Studies on MirpurisMuch of the literature on Pakistanis in Britain, particularly from the late 1970s up to the late 1980s, tends to be based on studies of communities in particular towns, such as Anwar (1979) on Rochdale, Currer (1983) on Bra dford, Jeffrey (1979) on Bristol, Shaw (1988) on Oxford, and Werbner (1985 1990) on Manchester.A number of studies have explored the finale of Asian (or Pakistani) migration and settlement across various geographical towns and cities (see Khan, 1974, 1979 Anwar, 1979 Shaw, 1988, 1994 Werbner, 1990). Some have had a particular focus on employment and housing issues (in particular Dahya, 1974 Werbner and Anwar, 1991 Anwar, 1991). meter the economic position of communities is easier to determine what is more difficult is to examine the experiences and attitudes of young people towards their parents/elders their community and the wider British society.There is an enormous amount of published work on the early immigrants (Rose et al, 1969 Dahya, 1974 Khan 1979). Rose et al (1969) is a good starting point for cultural studies relating to the Pakistani community. Rose explored issues such as the need to recruit labour immigrants to meet the needs of the British economy and the settlemen t process of the early immigrants in textile cities like Bradford. In addition he explored the problems encountered, such as obtaining suitable accommodation, access to public services, integration and the problems of adapting to a very different way of life. The experiences of families of early settlers joining their husbands in the United Kingdom have also, to an extent, been explored. This shows close-knit family ties which exist in Pakistani families, initialized marriages, biraderi and gender inequalities in Pakistani households (Khan, 1979).One of the earliest writers on Pakistanis in England is Dahya (1973 1974), who began his enquiry in Birmingham and Bradford in 1956 and continued to publish into the 1980s. He remains amongst a hand full of researchers who have endeavoured to describe daily life amongst the single, male migrants and the control exercised over them by heads of families back in Pakistan. He clearly apologiseed the nature of the links between the migrants i n England and the social structures operating in Pakistan, based on the need for the migrant, whose family has sent him abroad in order for him to send back remittances and thus benefit not only immediate relatives but also the whole of the biraderi or kinship group. He concludes that the Pakistani migrant community is in a very real sense a transitional society going through the phase of development from a rural to an urban industrial society (1973 p, 275). Today, with the constant movement between the villages of origin of Pakistani migrants and their places of inhabitancy in Britain, paving way for a constant, rapid social and economic change in both societies, his conclusion tends to be within a situational context of a time, when both were much more separate than they are today.Jamal (1998) carried out a research to explore food consumption experiences the British-Pakistanis in Bradford, UK and the ways the British Pakistanis perceive their food, and their intuition of Engli sh food in the UK. He identified that the first generation of British-Pakistanis perceive their own food to be traditional, tasty but oily and problematic. various English foods are perceived by them as foreign, bland, but nonetheless, healthy. The young generation of British-Pakistanis are increasingly down mainstream English foods while also consuming traditional Pakistani food.Rex and Moore (1967) demonstrated high levels of discrimination against immigrants, particularly against Pakistanis, in their field area of Sparkbrook in Birmingham. They showed high concentrations of Pakistans in their lowest housing class, the rooming house. Work by Dahya (1974), on the other hand, argued that Pakistani concentration in multi-occupied accommodation was a preferred, not an enforced, strategy. He argued that chain migration by village and family, the desire to maximize savings, shared language and religion, culinary needs and so forth all argued in favour of sharing accommodation. Thus, a lthough discrimination existed, it was not material to the patterns of concentration that arose.According to the Labour force survey (Spring, 2000 as quoted in Saman Sen, p. 45), Pakistanis are two and a half times more likely than the white population to be unemployed and nearly three times more likely to be in low-paid jobs. According to Cessari (p. 58) the socio-economic marginality of Pakistanis is most often accompanied by residential segregation. She argues that the data from the British census show that Pakistani immigrants tend to live in the most dilapidated or unhealthy housing conditions.Another learning of south Asian Muslims in Bradford by Khan (2009) refutes the commonly held belief that British Muslim alienation is an entirely Islamist narrative. In fact, the subjects of the study are lost not only from British society but also from the cultural traditions and values of their own families. The author of the study was struck by their disconnected individuality and d escribed them as libertines. This clearly contradicts the stereotype of Islamists radicalised by a hatred of Western society.Recent study by Bolgnani (2007) highlights forms of homeland attachment and analyses their importee among second- and third-generation British Pakistanis by comparison with the myth of return that characterised the early pioneer phase of Pakistani migration to Britain. He highlights that Homeland attachment for young British Pakistanis is constituted through school holidays spent in Pakistan, participation there in life-cycle rituals involving the wider kinship network, and the older generations promotion of the idea of Pakistan as a spiritual and cultural homeland. It further suggests that, for the pioneer generation, the myth of return justified a socio-economically motivated migration. He further argues that for the second and third generations, the homeland attachments and the idea of a possible return toPakistan is a response to contemporary political te nsions and Islamophobia. Therefore, he concludes that while myth of return still remains, for the majority, that myth has been revitalised and has a new political significance in the contemporary political context of British Pakistanis.However, another study of south Asian Muslims in Bradford by Khan (2009) refutes the commonly held belief that British Muslim alienation is an entirely Islamist narrative. In fact, the subjects of the study are alienated not only from British society but also from the cultural traditions and values of their own families. The author of the study was struck by their disconnected individualism and described them as libertines. This clearly contradicts the stereotype of Islamists radicalised by a hatred of Western society.MarriagesThe governing principle of marital choice in any community is homogamy the selection of a partner from a similar social background shaped, for example, by race, class, ethnicity, religion, age and education, thus those who do n ot conform to these norms, in some circumstances, suffer sanctions, ranging from disapproval to ostracism (Bradford Commission Report 1996).For Pakistanis, the life-cycle with weddings, births and funerals is particularly lived in a shared way by the family extended and split over two continents, Europe and Asia. Adults snitch return trips for various reasons, but most centrally to arrange or perform a childs marriage (Ballard 1987, p. 21 Shaw 2001, p. 319-325).Among British Pakistanis marriage is not only within the same ethnic group, but cognate-arranged with relatives-according to clan as well as caste systems. In a complex context of ethnicity and caste, marriage is often seen as the chosen mechanism to consolidate biradari3loyalties. Furthermore, due to chain migration, stronger village and kin networks were created, that were later reinforced by transnational arranged marriages, often with cousins from the same area or village.Pakistanis, like many other groups, consider it an important parental responsibility to find spouses for their children. They prefer to select someone they know well, to be sure that he or she has the qualities they appreciate and will make a caring partner. However, Khan (1977) argues in his research that ethnic minorities such as Pakistanis, face two problems namely the limited availability of suitable persons in the restricted local community, and another the fact that their circle of acquaintance in the country of origin tends to shrink within the limits of the extended family. Therefore, for groups with a tradition of consanguineous marriage, it is only natural for the choice of partner to fall progressively closer within the family circle. This argument is supported by Rao Inbaraj (1979) who give evidence to support this view from South India, arguing that for South Asians monogamous, close consanguineous marriage has been practised for thousands of years.Moreover, Bano (1991) discussed the upward social mobility through the institution of marriage amongst British Pakistanis, which she sees as being marked in the Netherlands in comparison to Pakistan. She described the practice of cousin marriages explaining their common prevalence amongst relatively wealthy, rural, as well as landowning families. She then discusses the prolongation of cousin marriage (Ibid. p.15), proposing that it could include partners being chosen from distant family, or from the same religious tendency, or from the parents close business contacts.According to a research conducted by Overall and Nichols (2001), the U.K. Asian population, particularly within the Pakistani communities, tends to have high levels of consanguineous unions which are correlated with high rates of morbidity and death rate (Darr and Modell 1988 Terry et al. 1985 Bundey et al. 1991 as quoted in Overall Nickols, 2001). It is not unusual to observe a proportion of first-cousin marriages of around 50% (Darr and Modell 1988).Modood et al. argue that the As ian older generation prefers marriages to be arranged by families within the clan or extended family and that love marriages were not the most appropriate way of finding a life-partner. The most frequent argument supporting this view was that love marriages are equated with high levels of divorce. Arranged marriages are seen as diminishing the likelihood of divorce because the partners are chosen for their compatibility and suitable family backgrounds (Modood et al. 1997).According to most researchers there is a continuing prevalence for high rates of intercontinental and intra-caste marriages (over 50%) between British Pakistani spouses and brides or grooms in Pakistan (Charsley, 2003 Shaw, 2001). It is suggested that the pressure for such marriages is apparently exerted by close relatives in Pakistan who use marriage as a route for their children to migrate legally to Britain. According to recent research, however, the spouses marrying into Britain often suffer isolation, and have poor employment prospects (Charsley, 2003). Furthermore, most Pakistani children are compliant and agree, however reluctantly, to cousin and intercontinental marriages (Jacobson, 1998). The Home placement statistics show an influx of 15,000 prospective marriage partners (male and female) from the Indian sub-continent arriving in Britain in 2001 alone, the vast majority arranged by parents for their British-born children (Werbner, 2005). Charsley (2003) reports that, in 2000, there were 10,000 people both men and women, who married into Braitian. Werbner (2005) explains this phenomenon by arguing that Islam permits marriage with a wide range of close kin and affines, and according to recent researches, the majority of Pakistani marriages continue to take place within the biradari a local agnatic lineage and, more widely, an ego-focused kindred of traceable affines and consanguineous kin. She argues that this notion of biradari helps mediate between kinship, region and zat (caste), and that such biradaris are ranked and reflect class and caste status in the Pakistani society (Werbner, 2005).Darr and Modell (1988) conducted a research that carried inculcated an enquiry answered by degree Celsius randomly selected British Pakistani returns in the postnatal wards of two hospitals in West Yorkshire, Bradford, showed that 55 were married to their first cousins, while only 33 cases had individuals whether their mother had been married to her first cousin. Darr and Modell argued that there results indicated an increasing rate of consanguineous marriage in the relatively small group studied, contrasting with the decreasing rate which was discovered in some other countries. They had enquired 900 women in hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan, in 1983 showing 36% first cousin marriages, 4% first cousin once removed, 8% second cousin, and 53% unrelated (of which 25% were in the Biraderi (same kinship). These figures are almost identical with those reported in Britain for the grand parental generation (who were married while they were in Pakistan), and supported their conclusion that the frequency of close consanguineous marriage was increasing among British Pakistanis (p. 189).According to another research by Modell (1991) both in Pakistan and the UK about 75% of marriages are between relatives, but the frequency of closely consanguineous marriage has increased with migration, about 55% of couples of reproductive age in England being married to a first cousin. In many cases the relationship is closer than first cousins because of previous consanguineous marriages in the family. The proportion of cousin marriages is likely to fall but the absolute number will increase, at least for the next generation, because the population is growing.According to the results of a study by Alam Husband (2006), Muslims comprise the UKs largest religious minority, and are the object of analysis and concern within various policy arenas and popular debates, including immi gration, marriage and partner selection, social cohesion and integration. Their research analysed experiences and narratives from 25 men aged 16 to 38, their accounts shedding light on what it means to be a Bradfordian of Pakistani and Muslim heritage. It also highlighted the policy context environ the mens attitudes toward various facets of their lives, including marriage, family, work, the city in general, and the neighbourhood in which they lived. Alam Husband concluded that although there were some generational continuity of cultural values and norms, several significant changes were also simultaneously taking place.Shaw (2001) began his study by supposing that in the 1990s, forty years after Pakistani migration to Britain began, the rate of consanguineous marriage among British Pakistanis would show signs of decline, as the urbanized and British-educated descendants of pioneer immigrants adopt the values of many contemporary Westerners and reject arranged marriages. However, on the contrary based on the statistical data he gathered, he saw that Pakistani marriage patterns showed no such clear trend, and instead there was some evidence that, within plastered groups of British Pakistanis, the rate of first-cousin marriage had increased rather than declined. The study offered an analysis and interpretation of a high rate of marriage to relatives, especially first cousins, in a sample of second-generation British Pakistanis. It argued that the high rate of such marriage is not a simple reflection of a cultural orientation. The research also underlines the inadequacy of a blanket category Pakistani in relation to marriage patterns and choices. Shaw suggested that certain variations in region of origin, caste, socio-economic status, and upbringing must be considered in analysis in order to reveal the processes that have generated this pattern and allowed it to persist.Simpson (1997) claims that in Bradford 50 per cent of marriages are trans-continental, i.e . the partner sare from Pakistan. He has proposed two reasons that help explain the reasons for choosing partners from outside Britain, and has analysed the ways these reasons operate independently or may reinforce each other. Firstly, there is a cultural preference for consanguinity, usually marriage to a cousin, which is prevalent among the Pakistani community. As Sarah Bundey et al. (1990) showed in her research that 69 per cent of Birmingham Pakistani marriages are consanguineous and it is expected that if current researchers were carried out they will show similar levels in Bradford, considerably higher than in Pakistan itself. Simpson (1997) further argues that since emigration from Pakistan to Britain is usually seen as a positive achievement, marriage also functions specifically to suffer a commitment to improve the family fortunes. He gives the second reason that many Muslim young people in Bradford express a cultural preference for partners with traditional values and tha t sentiment is echoed by their parents who then arrange or help to arrange their marriage partners from Pakistan. Simpson nevertheless points out that, this trend should not be seen as simply a preference for subservient wives albeit this may be true for some. He further points out that there is qualitative evidence that some young Muslim women see men with traditional values from Pakistan as providing a more secure family future than the more liberal friends with whom they have grown up in Bradford. This Simpson points out may coincide both with the strong Muslim and the strong Pakistani identities that are noted among Bradford young women, based on researchers by Kim Knott and Sajda Khokher (1993) and by Kauser Mirza (1989).Modood and Berthoud (1997) carried out a research to show that among ethnic minority groups 20 per cent of African-Caribbeans